Zora Neale Hurston - 2149 Words

Outline Thesis statement: In addition to the frequent references to nature, certain animals have symbolic weight in Their Eyes Were Watching God. The animal with the greatest symbolic charge in this novel is the mule. Mentioned frequently throughout â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God†, the mule obviously represents the carrier of heavy loads and burdens, but it can also, and does, represent stubborn resistance. The mule serves to illustrate the strained relationship between Janie and Joe Starks. The figure of the mule can also refer not only to Janie herself but to any black woman struggling for independence. Janie identifies with the mule, which remains stubbornly independent despite its masters efforts to beat it down. Ironically,†¦show more content†¦The end of the third marriages wraps up the experiences of Janie (Lester 76). She returns home to a very anxious neighborhood. She relies on Pheoby to tell her story. I find the book to be very constructive in its presentation of the themes and styles. Essentially, the author manages to provide several subjects to the reader through Janie’s experiences (McMahand 70). I tend to believe that the experiences of Janie are synonymous with those of many other people especially women of African American descent. So, the book perfectly epitomizes the quest for fulfillment and the inherent price towards the achievement of such an endeavor. The book is written in a very distinctive manner (Collins 36). The use of language is most significant. Actually, the author uses African American ascent of English. Perhaps this is to exemplify the setting of his plot. Basically, the book has been criticized for employing African American English in language. Subsequently, the book has been written in a reflective manner. In fact the experiences of Janie fully epitomize the personal experiences of the author. The protagonist is a refection of the author. The book has also been written in a flashback method through Janie’s close friend. This is also an attribute that is worth to note (Minds 76). Fundamentally, the book has a unique style of presentation. And theShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Zora Neale Hurston 1210 Words   |  5 Pages9:00 Zora Neale Hurston Zora Neale Hurston was born on January 7, 1891 in Alabama. She is known to be one of the most influential novelist of the twentieth century in African America literature. Hurston is described to be a very opinionated woman that stood for what she believed in; which reflected in some of her works. In addition to her many titles such as, being an anthropologist and short story writer, she was closely related and heavily focused on the Harlem Renaissance. Zora Neale Hurston andRead More Zora Neale Hurston Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Zora Neale Hurston was a phenomenal woman. At the height of her success she was known as the â€Å"Queen of the Harlem Renaissance.† She came to overcome obstacles that were placed in front of her. Hurston rose from poverty to fame and lost it all at the time of her death. Zora had an unusual life; she was a child that was forced to grow up to fast. But despite Zora Neale Hurston’s unsettled life, she managed to sur mount every obstacle to become one of the most profound authorsRead More`` Sweat `` By Zora Neale Hurston Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagescommitment takes a wrong turn and the relationship begins to consist of abuse? Sweat by Zora Neale Hurston takes a look into the secrecies and struggles of marriage, especially in the mid-1920s when marriage had somewhat different meaning than it does today. Within this short story, the problems of marriage are demonstrated through symbolism, imagery and the language and dialect that is used. Sweat by Zora Neale Hurston was written in 1926. During the 1920’s, the prohibition had just been put into effectRead MoreZora Neale Hurston Essay1992 Words   |  8 Pages#9;Zora Neale Hurston was an astounding Afro-American author who was recognized not for being the first Afro-American writer, but rather for her ability to bring forth her cultural language and imagery. If not for Zoras pioneering effort as a female black writer, the world of modern literature would have never seen the cultural insights of the African American culture in such a candid way. #9;Zoras date of birth is said to be in January of 1891, however her actual date of birth is debated todayRead MoreSweat By Zora Neale Hurston Essay1705 Words   |  7 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Sweat†, Zora Neale Hurston details the troubled lives of a married African American couple in the deep south. Born and raised in Florida herself, Huston had an excellent perspective on the culture of that time and area. She no doubt saw the situations and heard the strong dialect that she presents in the short story, in which Sykes constantly beats and demeans his wife Delia, who keeps her retorts minimal as to not provoke him further. Sykes is openly dating another woman,Read MoreEssay on Zora Neale Hurston606 Words   |  3 PagesOn January 7, 1891, Zora Neale Hurston was born in the tiny town of Notasulga, Alabama. She was the fifth of eight children in the Hurston household. Her father John was a carpenter, sharecropper, and a Baptist preacher; and her mother Lucy, a form er schoolteacher. Within a year of Zoras birth, the family moved to Eatonville, Florida; a town, which held historical significance as the first, incorporated Black municipality in the United States. In 1904, thirteen-year-old Zora was devastated by theRead MoreSweat, by Zora Neale Hurston773 Words   |  4 PagesZora Neale Hurston’s â€Å"Sweat† is a distressing tale of human struggle as it relates to women. The story commences with a hardworking black washwoman named Delia contently and peacefully folds laundry in her quiet home. Her placidity doesn’t last long when her abusive husband, Sykes, emerges just in time to put her back in her ill-treated place. Delia has been taken by this abuse for some fifteen years. She has lived with relentless beatings, adultery, even six-foot long venomous snakes put in placesRead MoreZora Neale Hurston Essay1890 Words   |  8 Pagessuch as Langston Hughes, Wallace Thurman as well as Zora Neale Hurston; one of the most infamous and revolutionary authors the Harlem Renaissance would produce. Understanding the ideals and themes of Zora Neale Hurston comes with an understanding of the upbringing and childhood she had. Born on the seventh of January 1981 in Notasluga, Alabama, Zora Neale Huston was the fifth of eight children by John Hurston and Lucy Ann Potts. John Hurston was a sharecropper, carpenter and Baptist preacher whileRead MoreSweat By Zora Neale Hurston946 Words   |  4 PagesThe story â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston focuses on the marriage life of Delia Jones and her husband Sykes. Hurston is known as famous American writer, she writes on real life stories as it was during the years when she wrote the stories. The story is about Delia Jones, a hardworking and religious woman who mistakenly marries Sykes and has been living in a strained marriage life from fifteen years. Although they have been married for fifteen year, the relationship has been abusive. Sykes is an abusiveRead MoreSweat, By Zora Neale Hurston1776 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Sweat ,† a short story written by Zora Neale Hurston depicts the story of Delia, a washerwoman who is physically and mentally abused by her husband, Sykes. As Hurston explains, Delia is a strong, hardworking, calm, brave, and understanding woman who is able to stand with her head held high even through all the troubles she endures. In contrast, Sykes is abusive, a coward, troubleshooter and a man who depends on his wife to provide for him. He even has the indecency to use Delia’s money to pay for

Types of Drivers Free Essays

What kind of a driver are you? Are you the one to piss people off or the one to scare them and make them wonder if they will live or that safe driver that everyone wants to be? Driving is the best transportation to getting to places whenever you want. Having your license is a privilege . Not everyone has it. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Drivers or any similar topic only for you Order Now So be careful and take care of it and don’t go all crazy on the road because it can cause your death and others as well. There are three types of driver that you mostly see everyday or hear about. Drunk drivers have become the most dangerous drivers out on the road cause you never know till they strike someone or you on the road. These drivers come out mostly out on the weekends after a long night of clubbing; they are so drunk that they have convinced themselves that they are sober enough to operate a car. I mean come on like seriously do they not have just one friend to stay sober and be the designated driver to get home safe instead of endangering us all. If you see a car that keeps swerving lane to lane that can’t keep straight your best choice is to stay away as possible. Hopefully they’ll get caught get that DUI and maybe that’ll teach them a good lesson. The slow pokes out on the road can piss you off when you are trying to get somewhere on time. These people are scared of even passing the speed limit thinking maybe a cop might poof pop out of the air and catch them. The old folks are even worse they seriously go under the speed limit like if you can’t see or are too old to be driving to even know what is going on just stop driving it’ll save us a lot of extra time. Seriously the back roads are for me to go fast and just beat traffic but when you are driving slow then what was the point of even taking the back road you should of stayed in traffic you fools. Despite what people say fast drivers are the save drivers. Why? Must you ask? Well, we tend to drive 5 mph over the speed limit, which is acceptable, and don’t have anyone driving close to us. Fast drivers keep their eye on the road for that reason they are alert to what is going on in front of them and will generally slow down before its too late. The true safe drivers are the ones that know how to drive not just operate the car. Fast drivers only create a problem when they become truly aggressive and tailgate, passing others really close to them and cutting off without a warning. Driving is so much fun. By the way guys, the ladies find a man attractive if he has his license. She wouldn’t want to be using the train or bus for the rest of her life. Don’t expect the roads to be a racetrack because you will be endangering lots of people’s life so don’t be an idiot. Have fun out there and focus on the road don’t text and drive as well don’t drink and drive. How to cite Types of Drivers, Papers

Investigational Drug Use Act

Question: Summarize the content of the Bill. Clearly state whether there is an appropriations component and if so, include the associated Appropriations Bill. Describe the circumstances that precipitated introduction of this Bill (office of the Senator who introduced the Bill will be able to help you but this should be in the bill timeline found on the website. What amendments/revisions were included? Why? What significance does this Bill have for nursing, healthcare, and consumers? Cite references in the paper. Interviews may be included in the body of the paper but are not required. References should be credible, professional, and evidence-based. The number of references should be sufficient to support complete discussion of the topic . Answer: The Investigational Drug Use Act is created through LB 804 which has been termed also as the right to Right to try ("Hilkemanns Highlights District 04 Blog", 2016). The bill does not seem to have any appropriation component. The patients who are eligible are allowed under this bill to be treated with any type of drug that has completed the first phase of the clinical trial but that has not yet been approved for general use by USFDA. The foundation was laid down by this bill to nullify some rules that the Food and Drug Administration had laid down for practice which denied access to treatments which were experimental be patients who were terminally ill. This bill gives access to terminally patients of medicines that have not been approved as yet by the FDA. The FDA expanded access program would be bypassed by LB804 and patients would be allowed to obtain experimental drugs from the manufacturers without obtaining first an approval from the FDA. There is direct conflict of this proced ure with federal expanded access program and aims to set the stage for nullification of the same in practice. It was stated by Darcy Olsen the president of Goldwater Institute that the government should not be asked for permission by the Americans for trying to save their lives (Stone, 2016). He also further stated that (Olsen, 2015). They should be given the ability to be able to work with their doctors in a direct manner and decide on a treatment that could potentially be life saving and which they have the willingness to try. This exactly is what is attempted to be achieved by Right to Try. There is protection that is provided to the health care providers under law with a prohibition against revocation of license or issuance of any sanction which is based on the issuance or recommendation of such treatments that are investigational. In part the LB 804 reads as that notwithstanding anything that which has been mentioned under any provision of law, there shall not be revocation, fa ilure to renew, or any action taken by the board of medicine against the license of the physician, solely based on the recommendation of the physician to a patient that is eligible or prescription of a treatment with an investigational biological product, drug or device. The lawsuits against physicians in addition who comply with terms that have specified under the said LB are prohibited. Although bills such as these address only on small aspect of the regulation of FDA, a clear model is provided by it which demonstrates as to the manner in which the federal state statutes are to be nullified which is in violation of the Constitution. It was stated by Mike Maharrey of the Tenth Amendment Center that The Right to Try Act is a no-brainer (Maharrey, 2016). He further stated that when a person is dying the FDA would rather let the person die than try and save is policy that is most inhuman. Every state should nullify the FDA like this. This legislation seeks to provide protection to the medical practitioners, including those involved in nursing, and protects them against the license being revoked or sanctions being issued in their favor due to usage of medicinal drugs for the protection of terminally ill patient. References Hilkemanns Highlights District 04 Blog. (2016).News.legislature.ne.gov. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://news.legislature.ne.gov/dist04/2016/01/22/hilkemanns-highlights-10/ Maharrey, M. (2016).Signed into Law: Connecticut Right to Try Act Rejects Some FDA Restrictions on Terminal Patients.Tenth Amendment Center Blog. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://blog.tenthamendmentcenter.com/2016/06/signed-into-law-connecticut-right-to-try-act-rejects-some-fda-restrictions-on-terminal-patients/ Olsen, D. (2015).The Right to Try: How the Federal Government Prevents Americans from Getting the Lifesaving Treatments They Nee. Stone, J. (2016).Righttotry.org. Retrieved 17 September 2016, from https://righttotry.org/gov-brown-should-sign-ab-159-the-right-to-try-bill/

Plan of Instruction Essays - Factory, Manufacturing, Child Labour

Plan of Instruction: Use PowerPoint to establish background info on factories England during the early 1800s, especially the start of child labor. Essential Question: Were textile factories bad for the health of Child workers? Introduce/Review skills of sourcing and corroboration. Point out that historians make claims based upon evidence often found in historical documents. In order to gather credible evidence, historians evaluate the reliability, or trustworthiness of different historical sources. They often do this by considering the point of view and purpose of different historical actors and by comparing how different sources portray historical events. Today, we are going to work on sourcing and corroborating different accounts of what life was like for child workers in 19 th century England. Pass out document A and guiding questions. Model sourcing document A. Explain to students that you are going to show them how you source a document. Example: The first thing I want to do is read the source at the bottom of the document. That means I want to think about who wrote it, when it was written, who is the audience, and what the author's purpose might have been. (Read sourcing info). So I see that this is from an interview of a doctor that was conducted in 1818 by the House of Lords Committee. I am not exactly sure what this Committee did, but I think it was a government body looking into factory conditions. I know that by 1818, there had been some reforms passed to try to improve factory conditions but that this date was still early in the reform movement. I bet that this interview will include questions about factories. I also see that the interview is with a doctor. I don't know much about this particular doctor, but I assume he is being interviewed because of his expertise on health issues. I am not sure whether or not he is under oath, but it seems that if he is being interviewed by a government committee so that he i s more likely to be truthful. Although, we know that people do certainly lie to the government. This is called sourcing a document. In pairs, students read the document and answer the guiding questions. Share out responses. Ask students: Do you think this is a reliable document? Why or why not? Pass out document B In pairs, students read document B and answer guiding questions. Share out responses. Ask students: How is it possible for such similar sources to offer such different accounts of factory life? Which, if either, of these sources do you find more trustworthy? Why? Pass out documents C and D. Students read documents C and D and answer guiding questions. Share out responses to questions Final Discussion: Which do you find most convincing regarding the central historical question? Why? Which is the least convincing? Why? Have students answer the central historical question. Dr. Ward (Document A ) Michael Ward was a doctor in Manchester for 30 years. His practice treated several children who worked in Manchester factories. He was interviewed about the health of textile factory workers on March 25, 1819, by the House of Lords Committee, a government organization investigating safety in textile factories. Question: Give the committee information on your knowledge of the health of workers in cotton ( textile) factories. Answer: Last summer I visited three cotton factories with Dr. Clough of Prest on and Mr. Barker of Manchester. W e could not remain ten minutes in the fac tory without gasping ( coughing) for breath Question: What was your opinion of the health of cotton factory children compared to children in other employments ( jobs) ? Answer: The health of the cotton factory children is much worse than that of any other chil dren. Question: Have you any further information to give to the committee? Answer: Cotton factories are very unfavorable ( bad) , both for the health and morals of those working in them. They are nurseries ( birthplaces) of disease and vice ( crime) . Question: Have you observed that children in the factories have accidents? Answer: When I was a surgeon in the hospital , children injured in accidents were very often admitted to the hospitals.

Prone vs. Supine

Prone vs. Supine Prone vs. Supine Prone vs. Supine By Mark Nichol It’s easy to confuse the meaning of prone and supine and it’s important to distinguish between them, because they’re antonyms. (I also discuss here some of the synonyms of each word.) Prone, from the Latin term pronus, means â€Å"inclined to,† and it is commonly used in this figurative sense as well as to mean â€Å"lying face down.† Pronate, used both as a verb and as an adjective, means â€Å"to bend forward† or â€Å"bent forward,† respectively. Prostrate, a synonym for prone, means not only â€Å"lying flat†; it has the additional connotation of â€Å"stretched out† and often refers to the adoption of that position to indicate submission, as a subject lying prostrate before a monarch. (Prostrate, not prostate; that’s the name of a gland in male mammals.) Prostrate is also the verb form, and prostration is the noun form. (Prostration is not to be confused with obeisance, which refers to the mere act of bowing.) Procumbent is another synonym; it also describes nonrooting plant stems that trail along the ground. Supine, from the Latin word supinus, means â€Å"thrown or turned backward,† and describes someone who is lying on one’s back; unlike prone, it has no figurative sense. Supinate is also an adjectival form, and supination is a noun meaning â€Å"the act or state of lying on one’s back.† Recumbent is a synonym that also suggests the act of leaning back or resting, as on a bed or couch; in addition, it describes such a pose in visual art. Decumbent, meanwhile, also means lying down and in botany denotes a plant that does that but has vertical parts. (Yes, incumbent, meaning â€Å"one who occupies an office or position,† is related to the other -cumbent terms here.) Prone and supine each have rarely used adverbial and noun forms: pronely (or simply prone) and supinely, and proneness and supineness. Pronation and supination are used in anatomical and medical contexts to refer to the position of limbs, especially, in sports medicine, to the placement of the foot while running; supination (or underpronation) can cause injury. Supine also has a meaning as a noun; it refers to an infinitive phrase starting with to or, in Latin, to a specific type of noun. Two terms similar to prone and supine are dorsal and ventral; dorsal refers to the back, and ventral refers to the abdomen. To help you remember which is which, think of how the first syllable of dorsal rhymes with porpoise, distinguished by its dorsal fin. Ventral, meanwhile, though its first syllable is not etymologically related to vent, can be remembered as the side from which you breathe. Mnemonic clues to help you remember which is which include thinking of the pro- in prone (which actually means â€Å"forward†) to remind you that when you are prone, your face is toward the floor or ground. Supine, meanwhile, can be related to spine, which when you are supine is in contact with the floor or ground. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of HumorTen Yiddish Expressions You Should Know15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

6 Fast-Growing Healthcare Jobs for 2015 and Beyond

6 Fast-Growing Healthcare Jobs for 2015 and Beyond The healthcare industry is poised for tremendous growth in the years ahead thanks to the influx of insured Americans through the Affordable Care Act as well as the aging Baby Boomer population. Based on figures from the United State Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statics, those looking for careers with unprecedented job security and potential for growth need look no further than these six healthcare jobs. 1. Registered NursesRNs are responsible for a broad spectrum of patient care duties, including everything from medical tasks to emotional support for patients and their families. RNS work in a variety of healthcare settings, including hospitals, nursing care facilities, physicians’ offices, schools, prisons, and in-home healthcare.There are a few different pathways to becoming an RN. Many people opt to pursue a bachelor’s degree in the field; associate’s degrees in nursing are also offered, as are diploma programs. Regardless of the type of nursin g degree, all RNs must be licensed.According to the BLS, RNs earn a median annual wage of more than $65,000. These salaries are likely to rise in the years ahead as demand grows. Just how strong is the outlook for these healthcare professionals? Employment is projected to skyrocket by 19 percent by 2022.2. Home Health AidesAs demand for health care services continues to increase, home health aides will fill an important void. These trained professionals provide assistance to people who suffer from chronic illness or cognitive impairment; they also help seniors and people with disabilities. Home health aides, who work in a multitude of different settings, require no formal training although most do have high school degrees. However, those working in specific settings - such as for hospice agencies - may require formal training and testing.While home health aides earn an average of nearly $21,000 a year, this may change with demand. In fact, the employment of home health aides is e xpected to grow by a whopping 48 percent between now and 2022 - significantly outpacing the average for all occupations.3. Nursing AssistantsNursing assistants, also called orderlies, provide basic patient care in settings ranging from hospitals to nursing homes. They are required by their states to complete an education program, and must also pass a competency exam in order to become certified. The average annual pay for nursing assistants and orderlies hovers around $24,000, according to the BLS. As the elderly population continues to grow, the need for these skilled professionals will correlate. Experts predict 21 percent employment growth between now and 2022.4. Medical SecretariesMedical secretaries perform basic administrative duties in a healthcare setting. This typically requires specific knowledge of medical terminology and procedures; additional duties may include everything from billing patients to scheduling appointments. Occasionally, medical secretaries also take med ical histories, order supplies, and assist patients. According to the BLS, the median salary of a medical secretary is currently just under $32,000 although salaries can reach as high as $46,420. Even more noteworthy? Jobs for medical secretaries will experience a staggering 36 percent increase by 2022.5. Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesAlso known as LPNs and LVNs, these skilled healthcare professional work under the direction of doctors and RNs while providing basic patient care, such as checking blood pressure, changing bandages, inserting catheters, and offering basic care and comfort. Work environments are diverse, and range from hospitals to private homes. In addition to licensure, both LPNs and LVNs require the completion of a one-year state-approved educational program.According to the BLS, LPNs and LVNs earn a median annual pay of just over $41,500. Between 2012 and 2022, jobs are expected to grow by as much as 25 percent thanks to increases in chronic condi tions among the aging population.6. Medical AssistantsMedical assistants are responsible for a number of different clinical and administrative tasks in healthcare settings. The specifics of the role, however, vary depending on the specialty, location and size of practice. While it’s possible to become a medical assistant with a high school degree, most at least have a certificate. Others learn through on-the-job training opportunities. While the average salary for medical assistants is $29,370, a growth rate of 29 percent between 2012 and 2022 may lead to greater demand as well as higher salaries.The healthcare system is currently facing many uncertainties, but one fact is very clear: educated and experienced healthcare workers will deliver much-needed skills in the evolving landscape of the American healthcare system. For more information on the current state of the job market or to harness the power of the RealMatch job search platform, visit The Job Network.

MGMT305 U4 IP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MGMT305 U4 IP - Essay Example This whole process involves about 29 labour intensive and time consuming steps to manufacture the boards. To enhance efficiency and attract more customers, Firewire moved from the multifaceted production process to the CAD system that allows it to customize boards to elite customers. Furthermore, it uses a ShapeLogic NX software that allows its customers to feed the CAD, experiment with the designs, and integrate it with the computer numerical control (CNC) process. This software also provides its customers with an online system for customization that has advanced CAD tools and a web-based interface feature. This is Firewire’s most essential logistical infrastructure. A customer generates the model through the system which is directly transmitted to the factory for the manufacture. The major operations of Firewire are the manufacturing, marketing, distribution and sale of the surfboards. However, much of this is done online. The company thrives on innovation having engineered the first main change in the composition of surfboards for about 40 years. The materials used comprise of expanded polystyrene foam and epoxy resins. Distribution and sale of products entails the customers making modifications to the intended designs and even sharing with fellow surfers to seek their opinions before ordering for the same. This is attained through interactive communication among customers who after using the products reports the same to friends and colleagues who then visit the company’s website thus, leading to the creation of a marketing buzz for boosting of sales. Basically, the company’s marketing and sale of the surfboards is made through an online-based social networking process that allows for the sharing of the unique design files among various customers. The main form of technology used for production of the surfboards is a computer-aided design (CAD) that has been integrated with a

Stock market competition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stock market competition - Assignment Example Only common stocks of operating companies are included in the index. This means limited partnerships, preferred shares, and exchangeable shares are excluded (Martin, 2009). From early February 2015, the S&P/TSX Composite Index has been experiencing a decline in growth. This is an indication that the market activities of securities listed on the Toronto Stocks Exchange have not been performing satisfactorily (Adu & Tsiyon, 1982). On Tuesday, 10th Match 2015, the Toronto Stocks market dropped further by an S&P/TSX composite index of 130.2 points to a value of 15,133.85 nearly across every major sector. Despite the decline in Toronto Stock Market activity, the Canadian economy has been experiencing growth at a yearly trend of 2.4 percent as revealed in the fourth quarter report for the year 2014. This was a higher figure than that forecasted by Thomson Reuters of 2 percent growth (Jeddi, 2005). This paper is a report of the six weeks’ simulation trading activities of the group. The trading activities started on 2nd February 2015 and ended on 13th March 2015. In order to give a detailed report, this paper considers the securities selected for trading, brief company synopsis, charts and technical analysis. The paper presents the investment strategy employed by the group and how the plan evolved and changed over the six weeks trading period. A critique of the employed strategy is also explained, and the lessons learned about speculative stock trading. The paper also gives a valuation of the portfolio’s performance indicating the dollar gain/loss and the percentage gain/loss. The group’s portfolio mainly focused on three primary sectors of the economy. The sectors include manufacturing, Information technology, and the financial sector. During the six weeks trading period, the group invested in ten publicly listed companies in the Toronto Stocks Exchange and New York Stocks Exchange. The ten

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay #1 -Huck has a grim attitude towards Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. Huck has a grim attitude toward people he disagrees with or doesnt get along with. Huck tends to alienate himself from those people. He doesnt let it bother him. Unlike most people Huck doesnt try to make his point. When Huck has a certain outlook on things he keep his view. He will not change it for anyone. For instance in Chapter Three when Miss Watson tells Huck that if he prayed he would get everything he wished for. â€Å"Huck just shook his head yes and walked away telling Tom that it doesnt work because he has tried it before with fishing line and fishing hooks. † This tells us that Huck is an independent person who doesnt need to rely on other people. #5 How is Jim betrayed? How does Huck react? What does this show about his character? How has he changed his mind about Jim at this point? Jim is very much like a father to Huck. He looks out for Huck and he is respected and looked upon by Huck. This is also more significant because Huckleberry Finn never had a father and he never really had a role model. Jim serves this purpose perfectly. Throughout all of his adventures Jim shows compassion as his most prominent trait. He makes the reader aware of his many superstitions and Jim exhibits gullibility in the sense that he Jim always assumes the other characters in the book will not take advantage of him. One incident proving that Jim acts naive occurs halfway through the novel, when the Duke first comes into the scene â€Å"By right I am a duke! Jim’s eyes bugged out when he heard that † In the novel, Huck Finn, one can legitimately prove that compassion, superstitious and gullibility illustrate Jim’s character perfectly. To begin with, among the many characteristics of Jim, his compassionate nature shows throughout the book. When Huck and Jim come across the floating boathouse, Jim finds a dead man inside. He advises Huck not to look as he says, â€Å"It’s a dead man dead two er three days come in Huck, but doan’ look at his face. † At the end of the book the reader finds out that the dead man turns out as Huck’s father. Further on down the river, Huck and Jim engage in a deep conversation. Jim speaks of the family he feels he has left behind. Jim tries hard to save up all his money in hopes of buying back his wife and children when he becomes a free man. He expresses that he feels terrible for leaving behind his family and misses them very much. As a result, Huck feels responsible and guilty for ruining Jim’s freedom. Huck decides that he wants to reveal the truth, that Jim really isn’t a free man. His conscience tells him not to and instead he finds himself helping Jim rather than giving him up. Jim feels so thankful to Huck when he says . . . it’s all on account of Huck, I’s a free man, you’s the best friend Jim’s ever had † #6 Huck is constantly rebelling against â€Å"civilization† in the story. Has he become more â€Å"civilized† at the end of the novel? Why or why not? The conflict between society and the individual is a theme portrayed throughout Twains Huckleberry Finn. Huck was not raised in accord with the accepted ways of civilization. He practically raises himself, relying on instinct to guide him through life. As portrayed several times in the novel, Huck chooses to follow his innate sense of right, yet he does not realize that his own instincts are more moral than those of society. From the very beginning of Hucks story, Huck clearly states that he did not want to conform to society; The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me I got into my old rags and my sugar hogshead again, and was free and satisfied. When Pap returns for Huck, and the matter of custody is brought before the court, the reader is forced to see the corruption of society. The judge rules that Huck belongs to Pap, and forces him to obey an obviously evil and unfit man. One who drinks profusely and beats his son. Later, when Huck makes it look as though he has been killed, we see how civilization is more concerned over finding Hucks dead body than rescuing his live one from Pap. This is a society that is more concerned about a dead body than it is in the welfare of living people. The theme becomes even more evident once Huck and Jim set out, down the Mississippi. Huck enjoys his adventures on the raft. He prefers the freedom of the wilderness to the restrictions of society. Also, Hucks acceptance of Jim is a total defiance of society. Ironically, Huck believes he is committing a sin by going against society and protecting Jim. He does not realize that his own instincts are more morally correct than those of society. In chapter sixteen, we see, perhaps, the most inhumane action of society. Huck meets some men looking for runaway slaves, and so he fabricates a story about his father on the raft with smallpox. 6. Huck constantly rebelling against â€Å"civilization† in the story. This is a book of social criticism. Twain has his ways of criticizing people of their actions and the things they do. Twain does a good job expressing the characters social behaviors. Instead of upfront making fun of Hulks actions he hints towards them or tries to glorify them when he does something that is socially wrong or unintelligent. Huck stages his death. This is not a real bright thing to do even though Hucks father is real mean and is a threat to his life and Hucks life. Huck wants to get away from him so bad that the first thing that comes into his mind is to stage his death so Pap will think hes dead and wont be looking for him ever again. Twain feels that by making Huck do this Twain is poking fun at Hucks intelligence. Not his nature intelligence but his book intelligence. In other words Twain is making fun of Huck. #8 – In what way is Huck a slave? Throughout the incident on pages 66-69 in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck fights with two distinct voices. One is siding with society, saying Huck should turn Jim in, and the other is seeing the wrong in turning his friend in, not viewing Jim as a slave. Twain wants the reader to see the moral dilemmas Huck is going through, and what slavery ideology can do to an innocent like Huck. Huck does not consciously think about Jims impending freedom until Jim himself starts to get excited about the idea. The reader sees Hucks first objection to Jim gaining his freedom on page 66, when Huck says, Well, I can tell you it made me all over trembly and feverish, too, to hear him, because I begun to get it through my head that he was most free-and who was to blame for it? Why, me. I could get that out of my conscience, no how nor no way. Huck is hearing the voice of society at this point, not his own. He does not see a moral dilemma with Jim being free; he is opposed to the fact that he is the one helping him. This shows Huck misunderstanding of slavery. Huck does not treat Jim like a slave when they travel together, this shows the reader that Huck views Jim as an equal in most ways. Huck sees having a slave only as owning the person, not actually being a slave to someone. Therefore, when he helps Jim runaway it would be like stealing. This conscience is telling him that Miss Watson, Jims master, never did anything wrong to him and that he shouldnt be doing a wrong to her by helping Jim escape. This is a totally different view of Miss Watson from Hucks perspective. Huck always disliked Miss Watson, but now that this society voice plays a part in Hucks judgment his views are changed. This society views allows Huck to see Jim, a friend, only as a slave and Miss Watson, almost a foe in his young views, as a dear friend. Twain is showing the reader the gross injustices of slavery in this little incident, as well as his moral opposition to slavery. #2 – Describe Pap. Use his own words (textual examples) to support your description. My heart wuz mos broke bekase you wuz los,(Pg. 85) was what Jim told Huckleberry when he found him again after they had been separated. This is a perfect example of how much Jim sincerely cares about Huck. Huck definitely has very close and father-like relationship with the runaway slave, Jim. On the other hand, his real father, Pap, is less father figure to Huck than a runaway African American slave. Pap is very violent and abusive towards Huck. By looking at Hucks relationships with Pap and Jim and how they are different and similar in some ways, Hucks relationship with Pap, and Hucks relationship with Jim the reader can see how they all relate. Although the relationships between Huck and Pap and Huck and Jim may seem extremely different, they are also quite similar in some ways. Both are father figures for Huck in a way. Although Huck is related to Pap through blood, Jim, who is a slave, cares more for Huck and is more nurturing than Pap is. Come in, Huck, but doan look at his face its too gashly. (Pg. 50) Jim said this as he found the body of Hucks father, Pap. This shows how Jim didnt want Huck to be upset by knowing that his father is dead. Also, Huck is in danger staying with both of these people. With staying with Pap, Huck is in danger because of his fathers abusiveness. Jim and Pap are also alike because of the fact that both of these people dont like their place in society. Pap wants to be wealthier and higher up in society, whereas Jim only wants to escape slavery and own himself. Pap is a very violent drunk. He lives on the outskirts of town, and goes into town only to get alcohol and become intoxicated. I borrowed three dollars from Judge Thatcher, and pap took it and got drunk, and went a-blow-ing around and cussing and whooping and carrying on; and he kept it up all over town, with a tin pan, till most midnight; then they jailed him, and next day they in had him before court, and jailed him again for a week. , (Pg. 21) #2 – What commentary is Mark Twain making about his society in this novel? Choosing Right Over Wrong Maturity is knowing when to do the right thing and following up on ones commitment even when he or she is tempted to do wrong. Huck Finn, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, is faced with such temptations and situations where he is able to make the right choice and mature physically, mentally, and spiritually. He is able to avoid bad decisions, which leads him to become a more mature, established young man. Although Huck Finn finds himself acting immature at times, he still fully demonstrates maturity by the end of the novel. Throughout the novel, Huck is able to recognize what is wrong and decipher what should be right. Huck realizes that the King and Duke are taking advantage of the girls inheritance money. He realizes that what they are doing is incorrect and something should be done. This is first demonstrated when Huck states, It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race (175). This shows that Huck is developing a conscience and that he is able to recognize that what the Duke and King are doing is morally wrong. He determines that taking and robbing from innocent people is not what humans are supposed to do. This is also evident when Huck states, I say to myself this is a girl that Im letting that old reptile rob her of her money! (188). This thought established by Huck shows that he can distinguish between what is right and what is wrong. Huck also shows maturity by allowing negative situations to pass by and misdirected conversation to stop, by not arguing more excessively than necessary. This is recognized when Huck states, Well, I couldnt see no advantage in going where she was going, so I made up my mind I wouldnt try for it. But I never said so, because it would only make trouble, and wouldnt do no good (11).

Essay --

GAAP principles have received a lot of support from substantial authorities. The AICPA’s code of conduct directs that its members should prepare their financial statements based on GAAP guidelines. For example, AICPA Rule 203 forbids a member from articulating an unprofessional opinion on financial statements that have deviated from adhering to GAAP principles. GAAP principles come from the several organizations. It is composed of a combination of more than 2,000 documents that have been used for approximately 60 years or so. It incorporates such items as FASB Standards Staff Positions and interpretations; APB inputs; and AICPA Research reports. A differing format in the documents that comprise GAAP, inconsistency and difficulty in interpretation make financial preparers to be unsure whether they have the right GAAP. This makes it hard for them to determine whether what they have prepared is authoritative or not. These facts led FASB to develop the FASB accounting standards co dification or The main goal of codification is to bring together all the reliable literature linked to a particular topic. The main purpose of codification is to change GAAP documentation, presentation and updates. Codification simplifies access to GAAP. FASB project of codifying GAAP was completed in 2009 and released the same year. During the codification period, all existing GAAP literature was officially withdrawn. Generally, codification does not change GAAP but it introduces a new, organized, more accessible and user-friendly structure. The accounting standards codification is important because it eliminates the multi-level hierarchy in order to bifurcate the authoritative and non-authoritative guidance. Codification incorporates all the relevant SEC g... ...category of related guidance such as assets. Most research using the Codification uses the browse function and it is done by selecting specific topics. In browsing, the possibility of having the same guidance in two places is eliminated (Raabe, Whittenburg, Sanders & Sawyers, 2011). The Codification structure comprises of â€Å"presentation† where the reporting aspects of GAAP are covered; â€Å"Assets† where assets such as investments, intangibles and receivables are covered; Liabilities where all types of liabilities such as contingencies are covered; Revenue which includes products such as services revenue; Equity which cover topics such as stock dividends and stock, and treasury stock; Industry for specifics such as real estates, entertainment; and â€Å"master glossary† which includes a compilation of terminologies from GAAP original documents (Espstein, Nach & Bragg, 2011).

Grief and Rosaldo’s Rage Essay

She had not suffered much. Her death came and went quickly. Michelle was dead, gone forever at the blink of an eye. As her husband looked over her body at the bottom of a 65 foot sheer precipice, many ideas and emotions fluttered in his mind. Renato Rosaldo describes his experience at the site of the fatal accident, overlooking the body of his lifeless wife, Michelle Rosaldo: â€Å"I felt like in a nightmare, the whole world around me expanding and contracting, visually and viscerally heaving (476).† Although at the time of the tragedy and many months after, Renato Rosaldo found himself in an almost delusional state of grief, the calamity helped Rosaldo reach a state of enlightenment with his study of the Ilongot tribe. Michelle and Renato Rosaldo had studied the Ilongot tribe in the northern part of the Philippines as anthropologists. Renato Rosaldo’s past attempts at understand the Ilongot’s reason for head hunting, â€Å"rage, born of grief,† had failed using his method of hermeneutics. The conclusions Rosaldo drew from this explanation were, at best, educated guesses. Trying to be objective to his study of the Ilongot tribe, Rosaldo could not understand the driving factor behind killing a fellow human as a way of dealing with the loss of someone close to you. What he later started to understand was that the ritual was something that could not easily and readily be described. It was not until the time of his wife’s death that he could comprehend the force of anger possible in bereavement. The force was so strong within him that drawing parallels with the ways Rosaldo’s own culture had molded him into dealing with bereavement started to overlap with the Ilongot way. This emotional force became the key in helping Rosaldo unlock the mystery of this rage via bereavement, and unfortunately, it could only come at the price of Michelle Rosaldo. Renato Rosaldo’s explanation of why the Ilongot used head hunting as a way of dealing with bereavement is compelling due to his understanding of emotional force through his own personal experience. After the loss of his brother, then four years later, the loss of his colleague, friend, and wife Michelle Rosaldo, Rosaldo experienced  bereavement and the emotional force that accompanies it first hand. Spending months grieving, Rosaldo’s insights on the topic of head hunting had changed dramatically. Shortly after his wife’s death, an excerpt from his journal concurs with the change of perception of the Ilongot people. My journal went on to reflect more broadly on death, rage, and headhunting by speaking of my ‘wish for the Ilongot solution; they are much more in touch with reality than Christians. So, I need a place to carry my anger – and can we say a solution of the imagination is better than theirs? And can we condemn them when we napalm villages? Is our rationale so much sounder than theirs (478)? Rosaldo’s experience with personal bereavement left him with a sense of what despair and rage could conjure up in the human being. Wishing for the Ilongot solution himself, Rosaldo finally realized that the Ilongot were not as different as he had originally thought. The emotional force Rosaldo had felt has the same core as the force that pushed the older tribesman into a headhunting raid. Rosaldo’s comparison of his solution of the imagination and the ritualistic headhunting had rage as the common seed. Rosaldo’s initial attempts to find what drives the older Ilongot men to headhunt using traditional ethnographic methods failed. Renato and Michelle Rosaldo played a tape of a headhunting celebration five years prior, evoking great emotion from the crowd of Ilongot because the celebrator on the tape had already been deceased and headhunting was now forbidden. â€Å"The song pulls at us, drags our hearts, it makes us think of our dead uncle†¦Leave off now, isn’t that enough? Even I, a woman, cannot stand the way it feels inside my heart†¦At the time I could only feel apprehensive and diffusely sense the force of the emotions experienced†¦(473-474).† Rosaldo’s emotional detachment from the man speaking on the tape recorder prevents him with identifying with the Ilongot tribesmen. This lack of emotional connection is understandable, as Rosaldo himself was obviously not as close to the man practicing the ceremony as his family. This understanding of the rage and sorrow that the Ilongot members had felt during the listening is a crucial element of how the dynamic between bereavement and sorrow function. Rosaldo understood that his analysis could easily be brought under fire due to the tying in of personal experiences during his ethnography of the Ilongot culture. Rosaldo concurs that there is potential for risk by saying, â€Å"Introducing myself into this account requires a certain hesitation both because of the discipline’s taboo and because of its increasingly frequent violation by essays laced with trendy amalgams of continental philosophy and autobiographical snippets (475).† The possibility for an anthropologist who brings personal experience into an analysis of a foreign culture to become too self absorbed is always possible. Rosaldo avoids this frequent ethnographic infringement by separating self righteousness from applying personal experiences for comparison in anthropology. Rosaldo claims that his and all interpretations are provisional, stating that â€Å"they are made by positioned subjects who are prepared to know certain things and not others (476),† which presents that he only began to fathom the force of what the Ilongot’s had been describing as the anger held because of bereavement. Although some would argue that the risks with mixing emotion during anthropological study are too great, total objectivity can not always provide a complete analysis. Although being objective and getting the factual aspects of rituals and cultural symbols provides great insight of a culture and its formal procedures, it does not necessarily give the ethnographer the true experience of the event; let it be bereavement or something else. The true meaning behind many events and cultural symbols that are looked at objectively are really quite open to interpretation. Who is to say that what the ethnographer interprets as being one thing, in turn, does not represent something totally different for the subject actually being studied? Although it is not true for all cases, bereavement and the emotional forces that are its byproduct can only be successfully analyzed and interpreted when the observer’s experience overlaps or parallels that of the subject’s. Rosaldo later found his own experience overlapping that of the Ilongot’s. After suffering through not only the loss of his young brother’s life, but the loss of his wife’s, Renato Rosaldo’s view of headhunting had drastically  changed. Although Rosaldo had spent fourteen years attempting to conclude the actual drive behind the Ilongot murderous ritual using current anthropological methodology, in one swift moment, he had felt the drive within himself. This emotional force had left him seeking for the Ilongot solution. Realizing that this rage within him had pieced together the ethnographic puzzle of the Ilongot headhunting, Rosaldo masterfully avoided becoming too self absorbed while giving his account of the Ilongot ritualistic beheading. Rosaldo posed the question, â€Å"Do people always in fact describe most thickly what matters most to them (470)?† After review of Rosaldo’s essay, one will most likely conclude that the answer is no. Works Cited Rosaldo, Renato. â€Å"Grief and a Headhunter’s Rage.† Literacies. Ed. Terence Brunk Suzanne Diamond Priscilla Perkins Ken Smith New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 1997. 469-487

Psychodynamic Perspective Essay

There are various different approaches in contemporary approaches. An approach is a perspective that involves assumptions about human behaviour, the way they function, which aspects of them are worthy of study and what research methods are appropriate for undertaking this study. There may be several different theories within an approach, but they all share these common assumptions. You may be wonder why there are so many different psychology perspectives and whether one approach is correct and others wrong. Most psychologists would agree that no one perspective is correct, although in the past, in the early days of psychology, the behaviourist would have said their perspective was the only truly scientific one. Each perspective has its strengths and weakness and brings something different to our understanding of human behaviour. For this reason, it is important that psychology does have different perspectives to the understanding and study of human and animal behaviour. There are few clear explanations of common misbehaviour among secondary school students aged 16-19 years of age in terms of psychological theories. These explanations from the earlier psychologists able to make us understand more about gang violence that is increasing in amount nowadays. 3.0 PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE 3.1 DEFINITION Psychodynamic referred to as an approach to psychology that emphasises systematic study of the psychological forces that underlie human behaviour, feelings and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. It is especially interested in the dynamic relations between conscious motivation and unconscious motivation. It is also used by some to refer specifically to the psychoanalytical approach developed by Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and his followers, although such use becomes confusing, because some of those followers, in particular, John Bowlby opposed the founding principles of Freud’s theory, forming opposing factions. Bowlby’s attachment theory, still described as ‘psychodynamic’ in approach, is widely considered to be the basis of most current research and to have put the field formerly known as psychoanalysis on a more scientifically based,  experimentally testable, footing. The words psychodynamic and psychoanalytic are often confused. Remember that Freud’s theories were psychoanalytic, whereas the term ‘psychodynamic’ refers to both his theories and those of his followers. Freud’s psychoanalysis is both a theory and a therapy. Sigmund Freud developed a collection of theories which have formed the basis of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. His theories are clinically derived for example based on what his patients told him during therapy. The psychodynamic therapist would usually be treating the patient for depression or anxiety related disorders. Psychodynamic psychology ignores the trappings of science and instead focuses on trying to get ‘inside the head’ of individuals in order to make sense of their relationships, experiences and how they see the world. The psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious and between the different structures of the personality. Freud’s psychoanalysis was the original psychodynamic theory, but the psychodynamic approach as a whole includes all theories that were based on his ideas, e.g. Jung (1964), Adler (1927) and Erikson (1950). 3.2 PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE ASSUMPTIONS Behaviour and feelings are powerfully affected by unconscious motives. Behaviour and feelings as adults (including psychological problems) are rooted in our childhood experiences. All behaviour has a cause (usually unconscious), even slips of the tongue. Therefore all behaviour is determined. Parts of the unconscious mind (the id and superego) are in constant conflict with the conscious part of the mind (the ego). Personality is shaped as the drives are modified by different conflicts at different times in childhood (during psychosexual development). The unconscious is one of the most powerful effects on behaviour and emotion No behaviour is without cause and is therefore determined. Childhood experiences greatly affect emotions and behaviour as adults. The  id, ego and super-ego make up personality  The drives behind behaviour are a) The lift instinct and sex drive b) Death instinct and aggressive drive. Various conflicts throughout childhood development shape overall personality. The psychodynamic perspective asserts that in childhood certain incidents may occur that produce behaviours in adulthood. As children, defence mechanisms are utilized, then as adults behaviours manifest as a result. Examples of defence mechanisms that may be used include: Repression Denial Reaction formation Sublimation Projection Displacement Regression Fantasy Some examples of behaviours and their explanations using psychodynamic perspective include: Obsessive hand washing could be linked to a trauma in childhood that now causes this behaviour Nail-biting may be caused by an anxiety inducing childhood event A childhood event that caused fear in an open space may trigger agoraphobia in an adult Hoarding behaviours could be a result of childhood trauma Number aversion can be an obsessive behaviour perhaps initiated by an incident in childhood development Rituals of nervousness such as completing a task a certain number of times (such as opening and closing a cabinet) could be linked to a childhood situation Skin picking is a compulsion that would be linked to a developmental trauma Another compulsive behaviour is hair plucking Compulsively counting footsteps could be linked to an incident in childhood.  Any irrational behaviours can be blamed on childhood instances of trauma or development Neurotic behaviours can be linked to childhood development issues or interruptions Sexual compulsions or related sexual behavioural issues are linked at the sexual development stage using the psychodynamic perspective. 3.3 HISTORY OF THE PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE Anna O a patient of Dr. Joseph Breuer, who is Freud’s mentor and friend, from 1800 to 1882 suffered from hysteria. In 1895 Breuer and his assistant, Sigmund Freud, wrote a book, Studies on Hysteria. In it they explained their theory that says every hysteria is the result of a traumatic experience, one that cannot be integrated into the person’s understanding of the world. The publication establishes Freud as â€Å"the father of psychoanalysis.† By 1896, Freud had found the key to his own system, naming it psychoanalysis. In it he had replaced hypnosis with â€Å"free association.† In 1900, Freud published his first major work, The Interpretation of Dreams, which established the importance of psychoanalytical movement. In 1902, Freud founded the Psychological Wednesday Society, later transformed into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. As the organization grew, Freud established an inner circle of devoted followers, the so-called â€Å"Committee†. Freud and his colleagues came to Massachusetts in 1909 to lecture on their new methods of understanding mental illness. Those in attendance included some of the country’s most important intellectual figures, such as William James, Franz Boas, and Adolf Meyer. In the years following the visit to the United States, the International Psychoanalytic Association was founded. Freud designated Carl Jung as his successor to lead the Association, and chapters were created in major cities in Europe and elsewhere. Regular meetings or congresses were held to discuss the theory, therapy, and cultural applications of the new discipline. Jung’s study on schizophrenia, The Psychology of Dementia Praecox, led him into collaboration with Sigmund Freud. Jung’s close collaboration with Freud lasted until 1913. Jung had become increasingly critical of Freud’s exclusively sexual definition of libido and incest. The publication of Jung’s Wandlungen und Symbole der  Libido, known in English as The Psychology of the Unconscious, ted to a final break. Following his emergence from this period of crisis, Jung developed his own theories systematically under the name of Analytical Psychology. Jung’s concepts of the collective unconscious led him to explore religion in the East and West, myths, alchemy and later flying saucers. Anna Freud, Freud’s daughter, became a major force in British psychology, specializing in the application of psychoanalysis to children. Among her best known work is The Ego and the Mechanism of Defence (1936). 3.4 PSYCHODYNAMIC STRENGTH AND LIMITATIONS STRENGTHS LIMITATIONS Made the case study method popular in psychology Defence mechanisms Free association Projective Tests (TAT, Rorschach) Highlighted the importance of childhood Case studies are subjective and cannot generalize results Unscientific (lacks empirical support) Too deterministic (little free-will) Biased sample Ignores meditational processes (e.g. thinking, memory) Rejects free will Difficult to prove wrong 3.5 PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE CRITICISMS The greatest criticism of the psychodynamic approach is that it is unscientific in its analysis of human behaviour. Many of the concepts central to Freud’s theories are subjective and as much impossible to scientifically test. For example, how is it possible to scientifically study concepts like the unconscious mind or the tripartite personality? In this respect, the psychodynamic perspective is difficult to prove wrong as the theories cannot be empirically investigated. Furthermore, most of the evidence for psychodynamic theories is taken from Freud’s case studies, e.g. Little Hans, Anna O. The main problem here is that the case studies are based on studying one person in detail and with reference to Freud the individuals in question are most often middle aged women from Vienna for instance his patients. This makes generalizations to the wider population difficult. The humanistic approach makes the criticism that the psychodynamic perspective is too deterministic that it is leaving little room for the idea of personal agency. 3.6 PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY OF GANG VIOLENCE The psychodynamic theory places its emphasis on the notion that one of the main causes of gang violence is children’s abnormal personalities that were created and developed in earlier life. Since then these â€Å"unconscious mental processes† have been controlling the adolescents’ criminal behaviour. The Id is the drive for immediate gratification and can explain gang violence acts. The ego is the realization of real life and helps control the Id. Superego develops through interactions with parents and other responsible adults and develops the conscience of moral rules. This psychodynamic approach states that traumatic experiences during early childhood can prevent the ego and superego from developing properly, therefore leaving the Id with greater power (Champion, 2004). According to psychodynamic theory, whose basis is the pioneering work of the Austrian physician Sigmund Freud, law violations are a product of an abnormal personality structure formed early in life and which thereafter controls human behaviour choices. Unconscious motivations for behaviour come from the Id’s action in response to two primal needs-sex and aggression. Human behaviour is often marked by symbolic actions that reflect hidden feelings about these needs. For example, stealing a car may reflect a person’s unconscious need for shelter and mobility to escape from hostile enemies or perhaps an urge to enter a closed, dark, womblike structure that reflects the earliest memories (sex). All three segments of the personality operate simultaneously. The Id dictates needs and desires, the superego counteracts the Id by fostering the feelings of morality and righteousness and the ego evaluates the reality of a position between these two extremes. If these two components are properly balanced, the individual can lead a normal life. If one aspect of the personality becomes dominant at the expense of the others, the individual exhibits abnormal personality traits. A number of psychologists and psychiatrists expanded upon Freud’s original model to explain the onset of gang violence among adolescents. Erik Erikson speculated that many adolescents experience a life crisis in which they feel emotional, impulsive and uncertain of their role and purpose. He coined the phrase identity crisis to denote this period of inner turmoil and confusion. Erikson’s approach might characterize the behaviour of youthful drug abusers as an expansion of confusion over their place in society, their inability to direct behaviour towards useful outlets and perhaps their dependency on others to offer them solutions to their problems. Psychoanalyst, August Aichorn, found in his classic work that social stress alone could not produce such an emotional state. He identify latent delinquencies which means youths whose troubled family leads them to seek immediate gratification without consideration of right and wrong or the feelings of others. In its most extreme form, gang violence may be viewed as a form of psychosis that prevents delinquent youths from appreciating the feelings of their victims or controlling their own impulsive needs for gratification. Psychodynamic theory holds that youth involvement in gang violence is a result of unresolved mental anguish and internal conflict. Some children, especially those who have been abused or mistreated, might experience unconscious feelings associated with resentment, fear and hatred. If this conflict cannot be settled, the children may regress to a state in which they become Id dominated. This regression may be considered responsible for a great number of mental diseases, from neuroses to psychoses, and in many cases it may be related to criminal behaviour. Adolescents in gangs are Id-dominated people who suffer from the inability to control impulsive drives. Just because they suffered unhappy experiences in childhood or had families who could not  provide proper love and care, causing them to suffer from weak or damaged egos that make them unable to cope with conventional society. Adolescent antisocial behaviour is a consequence of feeling unable to cope with feelings of oppression. Involvement in gang violence actually allows youths to strive by producing positive psychic results, helping them to feel free and independent, giving them possibility of excitement and the chance to use their skills and imagination; providing the promise of positive gain, allowing them to blame others for their predicament (for example, the police) and giving them a chance to rationalize their own sense of failure. The psychodynamic approach places a heavy emphasis on the family’s role. Gangs frequently come from families in which parents unable to provide the controls that allow children to develop the personal tools they need to cope with the world. If neglectful parents fail to develop a child’s superego adequately, the child’s Id may become the predominant personality force, the absence of a strong superego results in an inability to distinguish clearly between right and wrong. In fact, some psychodynamic view gangs as motivated by an unconscious urge to be punished. These children feel unloved, assume the reason must be their own inadequacy, hence they deserve punishment. Later, the youth may demand immediate gratification, lack of compassion and sensitivity for the needs of others, disassociate feelings, act aggressively and impulsively and demonstrate other psychotic symptoms. According to the psychodynamic approach, gang violence is a function of unconscious mental instability and turmoil. People who have lost control and are dominated by their Id are known as psychotics, thus causing their behaviour be marked by hallucinations and inappropriate responses. Megargee’s ‘overcontrolled’ violent offender Megargee (1966) documented a series of cases of gang violence carried out by people who were regarded as passive and harmless. For instance, an 11 year-old boy who stabbed his brother 34 times with a steak knife was described as polite and softly spoken with no history of aggression. Megargee argued that such cases represent a distinct sub-group of violent offender criminological psychology. Psychodynamic theories of offending Aidan Sammons whose shared characteristic is an apparent inability to express their anger in normal ways and who eventually ‘explode’ and release all their anger and aggression at once, often in response to a seemingly trivial provocation. Freudian formulations like Megargee’s are unfashionable nowadays and more research attention is given to the majority of violent offenders, whose problem is generally a lack of inhibition of their anger, rather than too much inhibition. Nonetheless, there is evidence that a subset of violent offenders follow the pattern described by Megargee. For example, Blackburn (1971) found that people convicted of extremely violent assaults tended to have fewer previous convictions and scored lower on measures of hostility than those convicted of moderately violent assaults. However, the existence of such a group does not in itself show that Megargee was correct about the underlying mechanisms responsible.

Morden Buildings Are Changing Our City Essays

Morden Buildings Are Changing Our City Essays Morden Buildings Are Changing Our City Essay Morden Buildings Are Changing Our City Essay Modern buildings has changing the appearance of cities and towns,some people argue we should build all buildings in traditional styles to protect the cultural identity,to what extent do you agree or disagree? With the development of modernization and urbanization,houses built nowadays are gradually transforming the cityscape. Whether traditional or modern style should be considered in constructing buildings has sparked a hotly debate. Some argue that in order to conserve cultural diversity,it is necessary to design all buildings in tradition ways while the others claim modern designs are more practical. Personally,I am in favor of the latter viewpiont. First and foremost,buildings are construct to provide cozy living atomosphere,which makes their styles and exteriors less significant in facilitating dewellers. In the architects’ point of view,pricticability is the priority they need to consider when chosing a type of construction styles. Taking look around,we can find that modren style buildings are more solid and comfrotable to fulfill dewellers’ demands. Besides,they also play pivotal roles in collocting nature resource,such as some skyscrapers equipped with solar containers,collecting sunshine via their exterior meterials. Furthermore,cityscape is associated with buildings. It would be quite unharmonious if we held so much houses built in traditional styles in metropolis. What it means is that a city’s development plays a dominent role in determining the styles applied on constructions. Obviously,buildings in traditional feeling will affet or even impair metropolis’ whole images. At last,such buildings may find themselves difficult to keep up with the pace of a city’s evolution. However,the establishment of traditional-style buildings do not have to be such disadvantageous,since their existants can be reasonable and valuable in cases. Taking cultural diversity into accout,ancient-style constructions are vital than others. As a consequence,many architects are incline to construct houses with traditional styles. Nevertheless, emphasis should be placed on protecting old buildings generated in a long history rather than constructing news with traditional style. So,it would seem that there has no necessarity to make all buildings in ancient style. In conclusion, I will restate my position that a major part of buildings should consider modern styles. By means,they can not only offer superb atmosphere to residents,but also beautify our cityscape.

Biography of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

I turned this world upside down, a young novel by Martin Luther King (1). A day when Martin Luther saw a dream, the world would be different, we promised to be free. Until he informed the world, this dream is rising. He was born in Atlanta's house on Tuesday, January 15, 1929. Martin was the eldest son, but he has sisters named Kristen. His parents were Martin Luther King Sr. and King Williams of Alberta. When he is young, he can sing and play baseball hymen. Biography of Martin Luther King (Jr.) (15th January 1929 - 4th April 1968) was born in Michael Luther King, his name has been changed as follows. Martin. His grandfather served as pastor of a pastor of Ebenezer Baptist church in Atlanta from 1914 to 1931. Since then, his father has served, and from 1960 until he died, Martin Luther served as a common pastor. - Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr Martin Luther King, Jr. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, January 15, 1929. His parents are Martin Luther King, Senior. And Alberta Williams Ki ng. His father is an important member of the black community in Atlanta and also the minister of the Baptist church. His family emphasized reliable reliance on the need for education. Kim joined a local public school that was isolated and devoted to learning. At the age of 15, Kim studied at the Morehouse University and graduated in 1948. Dr. Martin Luther King, a biography of Dr. Martin Luther King, was born on January 15, 1929 (9). Martin Luther King Jr. began attending a 3 year old kindergarten in 1932 (3 years old). A year after I went to elementary school, after Martin Luther King declined school, I learned that his second grade teacher was 5 years old. - During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, some black and white supporters played a courageous role. The most prominent and long-term activist of the African-American rights movement is Martin Luther King Jr., and Kim's idea stimulated the ideal perspective of equality. Martin Luther King Jr. made a strong speech by fighti ng for equality, performing a parade, maintaining a positive attitude in the face of adversity Martin Luther King Jr., Martin Luther King Jr. not only explains the purpose but also expresses a distinctive style. He is an inspiring speaker, an inspiring leader. Inspired by the speech and action, Dr. Martin Luther King stimulated his importance in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. - On April 22, 1967, James Earl Ray (James Earl Ray) escaped from prison in Missouri and was convicted of armed robbery on April 22, 1967. Lei hatred of black population and support for Nazism has contributed his right to assassinate secretly among pacifist leader Martin Luther King (Martin Luther King, Jr.). In times, Martin Luther King (Martin Luther King, Jr.), a powerful political, religious belief, his latent existence as Martin Luther King (Martin Luther King, Jr.) erased, as many people accused him promoting equality between black and white Making a target target Biography of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. January 15, 1929 - April 4, 1968 Biography of Dr. Martin Luther King Nationality of America: American occupation: Civil rights leader Occupation: Minister (religion) Michael King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929 It was. Atlanta's grandfather, Adam Daniel Williams (1863 - 1931). He is the second son, Michael King Sr. (1897 - 1984) and Alberta Christine Williams King (1903 - 1974) the first son. Michael Jr. has sister Willie Christine (born in 1927) and his brother Alfred Daniel Williams (b). Martin Luther King Jr., Martin Luther King Jr. not only explains the purpose but also expresses a distinctive style. He is an inspiring speaker, an inspiring leader. Inspired by his wonderful speech and action Dr. Martin Luther King stimulated his importance in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. - On April 22, 1967, James Earl was convicted of armed robbery and fled to Missouri State Prison on April 22, 1967. Hatred for Lei's black group and his support for Nazism have fueled his ri ght to assassinate secretive pacifist leader Martin Luther King (Jr.). At that time, a strong political and religious belief of Martin Luther King (Jr.) made him a potential target. Because many people accused him of promoting equality between African Americans and Caucasians. Biography of Martin Luther King (Jr.) (15th January 1929 - 4th April 1968) was born in Michael Luther King, his name has been changed as follows. Martin. His grandfather served as pastor of a pastor of Ebenezer Baptist church in Atlanta from 1914 to 1931. Since then, his father has served, and from 1960 until he died, Martin Luther served as a common pastor. - Biography of Martin Luther King, Jr Martin Luther King, Jr. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, January 15, 1929. His parents are Martin Luther King, Senior. And Alberta Williams King. His father is an important member of the black community in Atlanta and also the minister of the Baptist church. His family emphasized reliable reliance on the need for education. K im joined a local public school that was isolated and devoted to learning. At the age of 15, Kim studied at the Morehouse University and graduated in 1948.

Discussion Paper - RFP Templates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Paper - RFP Templates - Essay Example The templates are easier to fill than writing from scratches. The questions asked require simple answers from choices available on the template. The templates information is easily receive from those organizing sporting events, meetings and even staffing who consider when they give feedback in post event report (Davidson and Rogers, 2013). I was surprised to find that they can change venue using the company’s website located in APEX glossary. This is helpful during emergencies and unavailability of specific location of meeting. The system allows changes in meeting place or even cancellation that is more convenient to the client. The templates are easy to adapt for any event because filling questions depend on activity. Moreover, the templates are useful in meeting planning and other events such outdoor activities. They further give an opportunity to pick services that they offer or you can leave if one is already in place. Flexibility offered can reduce cost to most organizers making the company to be preferred to